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Table of Content

    20 November 2013, Volume 20 Issue 6
    Performance Analysis for Operational Optimal Control for Complex Industrial Processes – the Square Impact Principle
    2013, 20(6):  991-995. 
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    The operation control for complex industrial processes consists of two layer – loop control layer and operational control layer. The former aims at achieving the required loop control for each production unit along production line whilst the later optimizes the set-points to the control loops so that certain performance indexes (such as product quality and energy cost) is optimized when the closed loop controlled variables follow their set-points well. This paper presents a novel method that can be used to analyze the performance deterioration of the optimized operational control, where the impact of tracking errors of loop control to the optimized performance is quantitatively formulated when the tracking errors are small. It has been shown that loop tracking errors would generally deteriorate the optimized performance in a quadratic way – leading to the establishment of the square impact principle (SIP). Moreover, it has been shown that the production infrastructure will also affect the deterioration of the optimized performance. Formulation on the analysis on the flat robustness (FR) and randomness of the optimized performance indexes will also be made and several issues on the future studies are listed.

    A New Pairing Method Based on Multivariable State Feedback Predictive Control
    2013, 20(6):  996-999. 
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    For the multivariable control system, interaction analysis and variable pairing are the first step for the control system design. In order to handle the problem that RGA do not reflect the dynamic characteristic among loops, all kinds of improved dynamic relative gain array are presented. The paper presents a new variable pairing method based on multivariable state feedback model predictive control. It can fully reflect the dynamic and stead-state information about control process. Through the optimization of the prediction horizon, the correlation index array can be identified. Combining the correlation index array and steady state array, the final pairing array is defined. Several cases and the comparisons with the existing methods indicate that the proposed method is a useful tool to give the best pairing scheme.

    Study on On-line Self-tuning PSS Based on the Parameters Adjusted by a Fuzzy Neural Network
    2013, 20(6):  1000-1004. 
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    To improve the static and transient stability of disturbances with all scales in power system, this paper provides a control strategy of an online self-turning stabilizer based on the parameters adjusted by a fuzzy neural network. Compared with the conventional fuzzy stabilizers, the strategy adds a fuzzy neural network parameter adjuster which stores the fuzzy rules in the neural network combing a qualitative description and a quantitative numerical calculation. The adjuster makes full use of the neural-network’s associative memory and parallel processing ability, adjusting the conventional fuzzy stabilizers’ parameters of quantitative factors and scale factors on line quickly and dynamically. According to the experiment, compared with IEEE PSS2B and conventional fuzzy stabilizers, the proposed control strategy can increase the damping of the power system effectively, strengthen the ability to withstand different scales of disturbances, with strong adaptability and robustness, and improve the static and transient stability of the power system greatly. The proportional control strategy has a broad prospect in industrial application.

    Multifunctional data acquisition system for intelligent autonomous mobile robot
    2013, 20(6):  1005. 
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      Abstract: An embedded multifunctional data acquisition system was designed for intelligent autonomous mobile robot to detect its operating environment and status information. The system contains four acquisition circuits for ultrasonic sensors, six signal collection circuits that support the collection for both voltage signal from 0V to 5V and current signal from 4mA to 20mA, eight digital signal output channels, eight digital signal input channels, and the data acquisition system interface data with other device via PC/104 bus. This paper introduced the composition of the data acquisition system, detailed designed the bus interface circuit,ultrasonic detection circuit, the digital signal input-output circuit, and the analog signal detection circuit for the system. With the characteristics of simple structure and good practicability, the system has a good application in the detecting of the operating environment and status information of intelligent autonomous mobile robot.

    Adaptive learning control based on least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor
    2013, 20(6):  1010. 
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    A Parameter adaptive iterative learning control scheme for trajectory tracking in a finite duration is proposed for a class of discrete nonlinear system with unknown time-varying parameters and linearly growing condition. It discusses the convergence performance of the algorithm and improves convergence rate using forgetting factor. By using least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor in discrete adaptive control, a new parameter adaptive and controlling law is constructed in iterative field. Pointwise convergence in time domain and gradual convergence in iterative domain are proved with Lyapunov-like function. Two simulation examples are provided to validate the efficacy of the proposed parameter adaptive law and controller.

    A  License Plate Tilt Correction Algorithm Combined Hough and Radon Transform
    2013, 20(6):  1014. 
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    For the problems that Hough transform can not correct the license plate without frame border and Radon transform is computation-intensive and time-consuming, a fast algorithm combined Hough transform and Radon transform for license plate tilt correction was proposed. By setting effective detection areas and making full use of Krisch to get the horizontal edge, this method can correct both the rim license plates and the rimless ones fast and effectively.  Selected 200 artificial slanted pictures to verify the accuracy of angle inclination got from the algorithm, and selected 400 natural slanted pictures to compare the speed and accuracy of the three algorithms, namely Hough, Radon and the method in this paper. Performed in Matlab platform with the angle ranged in [-20°,20°], the average execution time of the proposed algorithm is 0.38s and its accuracy achieves more than 90%. Experimental results show the algorithm is fast, accurate and robust.

    Vector Control of Direct-driven PMSG Wind Turbine Based on Improved SMO
    2013, 20(6):  1018. 
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    Based on the mathematical model of direct-driven wind turbine with permanent synchronous generator(D-PMSG) the sliding mode observer(SMO) is built to achieve estimating rotor position and speed and its improvement. Saturation function to replace the discontinuous switching function to weaken the SMO inherent chattering defects. In addition, for the traditional method of selection of low-pass filter to extract continuous signal caused by the phase delay problem, this paper constructs the EMF observer to replace the low-pass filter is directly extracted from the back EMF signal, eliminated the phase compensation and improved the estimation accuracy. Eventually established a vector control system of direct-driven PMSG wind turbine based on improved SMO. By comparing the simulation analysis,the results that the system can accurately estimate the rotor position and speed, and has a good dynamic and static performance. And further experiments to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the program, with the value of engineering applications.

    Study of DTC System Based on Fuzzy Control
    2013, 20(6):  1023. 
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    The same space voltage vector is chosen by Bang-Bang control in the traditional Direct Torque Control (DTC) system in the case of both big and small error. To solve the problem, it is proposed that the hysteresis and voltage vector table are replaced by a fuzzy controller, so as to increased torque dynamic response speed and reduce the flux and torque ripple. Fuzzy logic is introduced. The errors on the torque and the stator flux linkage are fuzzy classified and the space voltage vector can be reasonable obtained according to the errors .Through fuzzy logic calculate, suitable space voltage vector is obtained to control induction motor. A design method of the fuzzy controller is presented particularly. Hardware and software design of the fuzzy direct torque control system is given. The results of simulation indicated that the response of the system is quicker when the motor start or the rotate speed breaks , torque and flux ripple is smaller, the dynamic and static performance is improved. There are good results in the occasions that require fast dynamic torque response.

    Predictive control strategy for LPV systems based on offline state observer
    2013, 20(6):  1027. 
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    Consider a constrained LPV system with polytopic description. An offline design of state observer is proposed when the system state cannot be observed. And the new self-tuning system constructed by state observer error is proved to be robust stable, which guarantees the output of the observer can converge to the true sate value. After that, the parameter dependent Lyapunov function (PDLF) is introduced to obtain poly-quadratically stable control laws by solving the min-max optimization problem with infinite horizon performance cost. And the output feedback control law can guarantee the feasibility and stability of the computational paradigms. Compared with the traditional strategy, the offline design method of observer can greatly reduce the online computation and the utilizing of PDLF can obtain the less conservative condition for the LPV systems. And at last, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

    Design of High-speed Data Acquisition Device Based on DSP
    2013, 20(6):  1032. 
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    In order to satisfy the high speed and high accuracy request of the X-ray angle sorter, high-speed data acquisition system based on the DSP has been developed which includes X-ray diffraction signal recuperation module, high-speed data sampling and process module and high-speed USB communication module. Signal recuperation module amplifying and filtering the X-ray diffraction signal, the DSP board carrying out high-speed data acquisition and processing for the analog signal, acquisition the signal of photoelectric encode, and transmitting the collected data to the host computer through USB interface. The system application software design is also analyzed in detailed. Furthermore, in order to get the high precision, The separated the FIR algorithm has been embedded to the DSP procedure for filtering data. The experimental results show the feasibility of the designed method.

    Linear Time-invariant Disturbance Observer Feedforward Control for Nonlinear System
    2013, 20(6):  1037. 
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    It presents a feedforward control strategy based on linear time-invariant disturbance observer for nonlinear controlled objects. At first, choose a linear time-invariant model as target model which have a desired dynamics. And then describe the non-linear properties of the controlled object as an equivalent input disturbance variable of the target model, which can be extended as state variables, so that the target model with the disturbance becomes the substituting model of the controlled object. Thirdly, design an observer of the substitute model to get the estimated value of the disturbance variables. Finally, a feedforward control can counteract the influence of the disturbance on the controlled object. The design theories of this method are confined within the architecture of linear system theory, and independent of the mathematical model of the controlled objects. Particularly, the controller is without any nonlinear part. In circumstances of reversible controlled object, the existence theorem of the substituting model is proved. At last, for the identical discrete time controlled object, comparative simulation research is performed between this control method and a nonlinear internal model control based on support vector machine ?th-order inverse system method. The simulation results indicate that the method proposed in this paper is better in linearization, anti-disturbance capability and system robustness.

    Application of Active Disturbance Rejection Controller in Polypropylene Reactor
    2013, 20(6):  1042. 
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    Affected by the internal exothermic reaction and the entrance temperature, etc, the polypropylene production process has the characteristics of time-delay and strong inertial, based on discrete auto disturbance rejection control, this paper use tracking differentiator and extended state observer to arrange the transition process and estimate system disturbance rationally, then design a non-linear error feedback control law by the error signal, realize the temperature control of polypropylene reaction axe. At last with the MPCE experiment device and SIMATIC PCS 7 controller, temperature control experiment under disturbance or variable load is studied, the results show system with ADRC ensures very good robustness and adaptability under different conditions, and has better dynamic performance than classic PID in the same operation conditions.

    Orientation Estimation Method for Mobile Robot in Urban Area
    2013, 20(6):  1045. 
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    To improve the self-navigation ability of mobile robots, an optimal robot orientation estimation method in urban areas is proposed. This method is based on the vertical vanishing point in one view and the horizontal vanishing point correspondences across two views. To obtain an optimal estimation result, an error-aware vanishing point estimation method is developed, leading to a minimum variance solution. By analyzing the error propagation in computing vanishing point, we convert the minimum variance estimation problem to a convex optimization problem, which is well studied in operations research. An orthogonality check is proposed for each candidate horizontal vanishing point. Then, a vanishing point matching method is developed to find the correspondences. Some physical experiments are carried out to validate the accuracy and time-efficiency of our method.

    Improved neural network PID controller of joint robots
    2013, 20(6):  1052. 
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    Aiming at the rapid trajectory tracking control with the modeling error and uncertain disturbance problem of the joint robot, this paper presents a design of the improved neural network-PID controller. The architecture employs dual-controller mode. Through studying the PID controller’s input and output characteristics the neural network can compensate the modeling errors and uncertain disturbance of the joint robot rapidly, and using the LSM and the input and output characteristics of the converged neural network optimize the control parameters of PID controller can weaken the effect of modeling errors on the trajectory tracking control. The controller is stable in the Lyapunov sense. In the paper, we have a simulation experiment taking the two linked manipulator as the plant. Finally, the superiority of this design is demonstrated through the experimental results.

    Robust Adaptive Control for a class of Nonlinear Systems Based on Support Vector Regression
    2013, 20(6):  1055. 
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    To solve the problem that nonlinear dynamic inverse method is relatively dependent on the accurate system model and easily affected by inverse error, a nonlinear robust adaptive controller design using Squares Support Regression (SVR) is proposed in this paper,in which SVR is used to identify inverse model of the controlled system and construct adaptive compensation term to eliminate the inverse error caused by uncertain factors, such as inverse model error or disturbances, and so on. This could make the system outputs track the outputs of the reference model rapidly and accurately. The updating rule of SVR parameters is derived, and the stability of the nonlinear system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, the simulation results of a typical nonlinear model show the feasibility and robustness on solving a class of nonlinear problems of the proposed method.

    Research on Capacity Allocation with Random Demand and Private Information
    2013, 20(6):  1060. 
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    Capacity allocation strategy of a single facility with random demand and private information, in which the earning per unit of each organization as well as the manufacturing capability of facility are private and the demand of each organization is both private and random, is investigated in this paper. According to the information distribution, the whole problem is decomposed into the facility problem and organization problems whose corresponding stochastic programming models are also given. A negotiation-based method (between the facility and organizations) is proposed to solve the capacity allocation problem. First, the proposed stochastic programming models are equivalently clarified to be parametric programming models, and then parameters design of the negotiation mechanism is performed by Lagrangian relaxation and Taylor series expansion. Further, a distributed deflected sub-gradient method is derived to update Lagrangian multipliers, and in the end the solution algorithm to the capacity allocation problem of a single facility with random demand and private information is given. Finally, numerical examples are employed to analyze the effect of some important parameters on capacity allocation results and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


    SIMULINK Realization for Fractional order Transfer Function
    2013, 20(6):  1066. 
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    The dynamic system can be more accurately described by fractional-order differential equation due to the ‘unlimited memory’ principle of fractional-order calculus. Unlike the analysis and simulation of integral-order system which are frequently completed in the SIMULINK environment, the same procession for fractional-order systems are mainly realized in MATLAB workspace at present as the absence of corresponding SIMULINK blocks. In this paper, a block was designed which can display fractional-order transfer function, thus fractional-order system can be analyzed in the SIMULINK environment based on fractional-order calculus theory and SIMULINK mask technology. This block is used as convenient and intuitionistic as the integral-order one. By engineering application, it is validated that the designed block is more useful for the design and analysis of fractional-order system.

    Research on Synchronous Traction Motor Direct Torque Control of High-Speed Train
    2013, 20(6):  1070. 
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    As the important part of high-speed the EMU traction drive systems, the traction motors provide the most direct impetus to the EMU. Synchronous machine has small volume, light weight, high power factor characteristic, to adapt to the needs of the running of the actual high-speed train is the new generation high speed train traction motor. This paper introduce a direct torque control strategy, the synchronous motor in traction, constant speed and braking mode control technology, and in the train network control system framework, based on the Rt - lab system for the real-time simulation research. The results show that the method possesses a torque response is rapid and the accuracy is high, has the practical application potential.

    Grey extra-deleting control of non-minimum phase systems
    2013, 20(6):  1074. 
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    Non-minimum phase systems (NMPS) existed widely in engineering field such as electrical power engineering and space engineering. Because there are zero, pole points or delay links of the system transfer function in the right of complex plane, the accuracy of traditional control method is poor. Grey extra-deleting control theory is applied to design the controller of NMPSs. An expected system which has good performance is designed and compared with the original system to find out the excess, and then extra-deleting feedback is applied. The feedback can change the system transfer function and offset or weaken the excess which deteriorate system performance. The grey extra-deleting controllers are designed for some NMPSs and are studied compared with classical PID controllers. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller can improve the performance of the system significantly and can solve the problem that non-minimum phase system is difficult to control.

    An Adaptive Harmonic Detection Algorithm with Momentum Term
    2013, 20(6):  1077. 
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    The harmonic current detection method based on adaptive noise cancellation principle has been researched extensively and proved to be feasible. Invariable step-size Least Mean Square adaptive algorithm can't solve the contradiction between convergence speed and steady-state error, this paper presents a variable step-size adaptive harmonic detection algorithm with momentum term, which uses the momentum term to speed up the convergence of weights and uses the autocorrelation estimates of the current and previous error signal to adjust step-size iteration. This algorithm has significant enhancement of harmonic detection in real time and accuracy, and good engineering application prospects because of the small calculation quantity and easy realization. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

    Study for Sequential Robust State Estimation under Hybrid Measurements
    2013, 20(6):  1084. 
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    Most power system dynamic state estimation algorithms under hybrid measurements assume that the information can be available at the same time and rarely consider the impact of bad data on state estimation. Aiming at the problems above and taking full advantage of hybrid measurements, a sequential robust dynamic state estimation is proposed based on the analysis of the SCADA estimation time window of the mixed-measure system. Firstly, the algorithm fusions the phasor measurement unit(PMU) measurements sampling at the same time and then the supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) measurements are taken into estimation in sequential of arrival time. Then the cost function is calculated. A set of SCADA/PMU measurements is formed and used for state estimation via extended Kalman filter(EKF) if the cost function exceeds a threshold The algorithm can make good use of utilization of the estimation center, reduce the impact of measurement outliers on the state estimation and improve state estimation real-time and accuracy. Finally, simulations on an IEEE 14-bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

    Design and implementation of an intelligent controller of motorcycle
    2013, 20(6):  1088. 
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    This study is dedicated to the design of an intelligent controller of motorcycle which consists of digital igniter, remote data transceiver module, Passive Keyless Entry module and so on. It can help to increase the engine power, economy and improve the pollution emissions and fuel efficiency, and make the motorcycle achieve a better performance of anti-theft. In order to reduce the oil consumption and exhaust nitrogen oxide efficiently, this paper introduces the accurate matching approach about best ignition time and best ignition pre-angle with speed of engine, applies the digital igniter to control the ignition pre-angle accurately, and balances the engine’s power and oil consumption. We utilize the Passive Keyless Entry module to verify the ID of motorcycle driver, locate the motorcycle by GPS remotely, get the current Chinese address through a search algorithm. It will be more flexible for users to supervise their motorcycle by acquiring the motorcycle’s localization in multi-ways. The experiment results indicate that this controller can locate the motorcycle precisely, the real-time monitoring system is robust, and the anti-theft device is available.

    Weak Stochastic Asymptotic Stability of One Single Machine Infinite Bus System
    2013, 20(6):  1094. 
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    With the expansion of interconnected power grid, the influence of random factors on power system stability is becoming increasing prominent, and the stochastic stability of power system has become an important research subject. On the basis of the analyses of the existing research work, the purpose of this paper is to discuss weak stochastic asymptotic stability of original stochastic system by using of the stability of its truncation system. Firstly the weak stochastic asymptotic stability theorem is proved in probability. And taking the power fluctuation as random excitation, nonlinear stochastic differential equations model of one single machine infinite bus (OMIB) system is constructed. Then the weak stochastic asymptotic stability of OMIB system under small random excitation is verified by the Lyapunov function cited from reference [2]. Finally the paper gave corresponding conclusions.

    Sliding Mode AQM Algorithm for Internet with Uncertainties and Time Delay
    2013, 20(6):  1098. 
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    In order to solve the congestion phenomenon in Internet, a sliding mode active queue management(AQM) algorithm is proposed. Considering the effect of uncertainty and time-varying delay factors in Internet, an asymptotically stable sliding surface is designed by linear matrix inequality(LMI) based on the Internet congestion control model. It can effectively overcome the effect of these time-varying factors. The controller is designed by the way of reaching law, which can effectively constrain the oscillation of the queue length in router. Simulation contrasts demonstrate that the proposed algorithm possesses better stability and robustness, and it can adapt to the time-varying Internet environment. An application effect of the proposed sliding mode AQM algorithm in a large electric power enterprise remote monitoring and control network is given.