Abstract: The maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells is one of the key technologies of photovoltaic power generation system. The current control method of photovoltaic maximum power point tracking accuracy is not high, has the disadvantages of slow tracking speed and oscillation near the maximum power point resulting in energy loss, to overcome these shortcomings, an improved adaptive control strategy based on the method of area difference is proposed. Through the DC-DC transform circuit changing impedance to match the photovoltaic cell output impedance, and the use of the genetic algorithm in the harsh environment quickly and accurately track the maximum power point can be combined with the characteristics of stable work in the area of adaptive maximum power point difference method to achieve maximum power point tracking. The model is built on the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform, and the results show that the improved adaptive area difference control strategy has the advantages of high tracking accuracy, fast tracking speed and smooth operation at the maximum power point.

Key words: Photovoltaic system, maximum power point tracking, genetic algorithm, adaptive area of difference method 

摘要： 光伏电池最大功率点跟踪是光伏发电系统的关键技术之一。目前光伏电池最大功率点的控制方法存在跟踪精度不高、跟踪速率迟缓以及在临近最大功率点时产生振荡从而造成能量损失等缺点，为克服这些缺点，提出一种基于改进型自适应面积差法的控制策略。通过DC-DC变换电路改变阻抗以匹配光伏电池输出阻抗，并运用遗传算法能在恶劣环境中快速精确追踪到最大功率点的特性结合平稳工作在最大功率点的自适应面积差法，实现对最大功率点跟踪。在MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台上搭建模型，结果证实改进型自适应面积差法控制策略具有跟踪精度高、跟踪速率快以及能平稳工作在最大功率点等优点。

关键词: 光伏系统, 最大功率点跟踪, 遗传算法, 自适应面积差法